What are the pneumococcal vaccines?

pneumococcus

IMPORTANT NOTE: Corvelva invites you to get in-depth information by reading all the sections and links, as well as the manufacturer's product leaflets and technical data sheets, and to speak with one or more trusted professionals before deciding to vaccinate yourself or your child. This information is for informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice.

There are two types of vaccine against pneumococcus, both based on the induction of an immune response against the polysaccharides that make up the capsule: the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine and the 20-valent, 10-valent and 13-valent conjugate vaccines.

Apexxnar (20valent) - Pfizer (click to open)

Synflorix (10valent) - GlaxoSmithKline (click to open)

Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate (adsorbed) vaccine used to protect your child from 6 weeks to 5 years of age against the bacterium 'Streptococcus pneumoniae'

Dosage declared by the manufacturer

Usually the child (6 weeks to 6 months of age) will receive a series of 4 injections according to official recommendations or a different cycle may be used by the healthcare professional.
Each injection will be given at least one month after the previous one (booster), except for the last injection which will be given at least 6 months after the third injection.

Children aged 7 to 11 months will receive 2 injections at least one month apart. A third injection (booster) will be given in the second year of life at least two months apart.
Children aged between 12 months and 5 years will receive 2 injections at least two months apart.

Adverse events declared by the manufacturer

Allergic reactions (such as eczema, allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis,)
angioedema
Loss of appetite
Irritability
Abnormal crying
Drowsiness
Seizures (including febrile seizures)
Kawasaki disease
Apnea in very premature infants
Diarrhea, vomiting
Rash
Urticaria
Rectal fever ≥38°C, pain, redness, swelling at the injection site.
Rectal fever >39°C, injection site reactions such as injection site induration,
Injection site reactions such as injection site haematoma, haemorrhage and lump
Headache
Nausea
Rectal fever > 40°C, injection site reactions, such as widespread swelling of the injected limb, sometimes affecting the adjacent joint, pruritus.
Anaphylaxis
Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode

Composition declared by the manufacturer

Serotype 1 pneumococcal polysaccharide
Serotype 4 pneumococcal polysaccharide
Serotype 5 pneumococcal polysaccharide
Serotype 6B pneumococcal polysaccharide
Pneumococcal polysaccharide of serotype 7F
Pneumococcal polysaccharide of serotype 9V
Serotype 14 pneumococcal polysaccharide
Pneumococcal polysaccharide of serotype 18C
Pneumococcal polysaccharide of serotype 19F
Pneumococcal polysaccharide of serotype 23F
Aluminum phosphate
Protein D (derived from non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae)
Tetanus toxoid
Diphtheria toxoid
Sodium chloride
2-phenoxyethanol
Water for injections

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Preventar 13 - Pfizer (click to open)

pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccine (13-valent, adsorbed) given to
children aged 6 weeks to 17 years and adults to protect them from diseases caused by thirteen types of the Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium

Dosage declared by the manufacturer

Usually the child should receive an initial series of two or three injections of the vaccine depending on age, possibly followed by an additional booster dose.
Children aged 2 to 17 and adults should receive an injection.

Adverse events declared by the manufacturer

Decreased appetite
Headache
Diarrhea
vomiting
Nausea
Hypersensitivity reactions including face oedema, dyspnoea, bronchospasm
Rash
Chills, fatigue, injection site erythema, injection site induration/swelling or injection site pain/tenderness, limitation in arm movement (severe limitation in arm movement)
Temperature
Lymphadenopathy localized to the region of the injection site
Arthralgia, myalgia
Anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reaction, including shock; angioedema
erythema multiforme
Urticaria at the injection site
Injection site dermatitis
Injection site itching
Hot flashes

Composition declared by the manufacturer

Pneumococcal polysaccharide serotype 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F Conjugated to CRM197 carrier protein, adsorbed on aluminum phosphate
Sodium chloride
Succinic acid
Polysorbate 80
2-phenoxyethanol
Water for injections

Curiosity

Prelicensure clinical safety trials of Prevenar 13 (PCV13) compared this next-generation vaccine with the original Prevnar vaccine (PCV7), a vaccine inadequately studied for safety, and concerns regarding a link were reported in 2012 between febrile seizures and PCV13. It should be remembered that the pre-licensed clinical trials of the PCV7 vaccine compared its safety with that of an experimental meningitis C vaccine, seriously compromising the scientific validity of the trial. In fact, PCV13 was approved against PCV7 which was approved against an experimental meningitis C vaccine.

In clinical trials prior to the approval of PCV7, children in the groups receiving the pneumococcal vaccine suffered more from seizures, irritability, high fever and other reactions. There were 7 deaths in the PCV12 group, including 5 deaths from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Long-term studies have not been completed to evaluate whether the PCV7 vaccine, given alone or in combination with other vaccines, has an association with chronic disease or disability, such as the development of diabetes, asthma, seizure disorder, learning disabilities, or ADHD.

However, PCV13 was associated with an elevated risk of febrile seizures when given independently and when given in combination with parenterally inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV). Some studies have also linked the PCV vaccine to Guillain-Barre syndrome, polyserositis, septic shoulder, and erythema multiforme.

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